GelMA encapsulating BMSCs-exosomes combined with interference screw or suture anchor promotes tendon-bone healing in a rabbit model

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-11, Vol.14 (1), p.28212-14, Article 28212
• Main Authors: Gao, Mingyang, Zhao, Piqian, Xing, Junhui, Wang, Zhuolin, Xu, Yingjie, Yan, Yurong, Zhang, Hongtao, Qu, Jing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/532/2118/2074; 692/308/2778; 692/699/578; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone implants; Bone Screws; Disease Models, Animal; Exosomes; Exosomes - metabolism; Gelatin - chemistry; Gelatin methacryloyl; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inflammation; Injuries; Interleukins; Male; Mesenchymal stem cell; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; multidisciplinary; Muscle contraction; Rabbits; Regeneration; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Skeletal muscle; Stem cells; Suture Anchors; Sutures; Tendon Injuries - metabolism; Tendon Injuries - surgery; Tendon Injuries - therapy; Tendon-bone healing; Tendons; Tendons - metabolism; Tendons - surgery; Transforming growth factor-b; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Wound Healing
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79787-0

The tendon-bone junction (TBJ), a critical transitional zone where tendons and bones connect, is particularly prone to injury due to the forces from muscle contractions and skeletal movements. Once tendon-bone injuries occur, the complex original tissue structure is difficult to restore, increasing the risk of re-tear. In this study, we initially established a rabbit model of tendon-bone injury and treated it using either interference screw or suture anchor. Biomechanical testing demonstrated the maximum tension and strength of TBJ with interference screw fixation were superior. However, histologic and immunohistochemical results showed more tissue regeneration and expression of cartilage markers at the site of injury with suture anchor fixation. Moreover, Gelatin Methacryloyl encapsulated with exosomes from mesenchymal stem cell (GelMA-exosomes) were prepared, showing a consistent and stable exosome release characteristic. The combined application of GelMA-exosomes with either interference screws or suture anchors further enhanced the healing of tendon-bone injuries, which may be achieved by promoting cellular proliferation as well as regulating the decreased expression of local pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β. This provides a viable therapeutic strategy to enhance tendon-bone healing.