Helenus and Ajax , Two Groups of Non-Autonomous LTR Retrotransposons, Represent a New Type of Small RNA Gene-Derived Mobile Elements

Terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are short non-autonomous long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons found from various eukaryotes. is a unique TRIM lineage which contains a 5S rRNA-derived sequence in its LTRs. Here, two new groups of TRIMs, designated and are reported based o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-02, Vol.13 (2), p.119
Main Author: Kojima, Kenji K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5S rRNA
Ajax
Bioinformatics
DNA-directed RNA polymerase
Genomes
Helenus
Long terminal repeat
LTR retrotransposon
RNA polymerase
rRNA 5S
Short interspersed nucleotide elements
Transfer RNA
Transposition
TRIM
tRNA
Yeast
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Summary:Terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are short non-autonomous long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons found from various eukaryotes. is a unique TRIM lineage which contains a 5S rRNA-derived sequence in its LTRs. Here, two new groups of TRIMs, designated and are reported based on bioinformatics analysis and the usage of Repbase. is found from fungi, animals, and plants, and its LTRs contain a tRNA-like sequence. It includes two LTRs and between them, a primer-binding site (PBS) and polypurine tract (PPT) exist. Fungal and plant generate 5 bp target site duplications (TSDs) upon integration, while animal generates 4 bp TSDs. includes a 5S rRNA-derived sequence in its LTR and is found from two nemertean genomes. generates 5 bp TSDs upon integration. These results suggest that despite their unique promoters, and are TRIMs whose transposition is dependent on autonomous LTR retrotransposon. These TRIMs can originate through an insertion of SINE in an LTR of TRIM. The discovery of and suggests the presence of TRIMs with a promoter for RNA polymerase III derived from a small RNA gene, which is here collectively termed TRIMp3.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology13020119