Analysis of properties of biodiesel and its development and promotion in Ghana

• Published in: Heliyon 2024-10, Vol.10 (20), p.e39078, Article e39078
• Main Authors: Kipkoech, Rogers, Takase, Mohammed, Ahogle, Arcadius Martinien Agassin, Ocholla, Gordon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodiesel; bioenergy industry; Biofuel; biomass; cold; Energy; energy content; feedstocks; Ghana; interdisciplinary research; issues and policy; petroleum; Renewable; Review; stakeholders; transesterification; vegetable oil; weather
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39078

The increasing global population and the challenges associated with fossil fuel has led to a surge in energy demand, necessitating research on renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Biodiesel, is produced from biomass materials like vegetable oil and fats, is a promising alternative. Transesterification is a principal method used in biodiesel production, as it is simple, versatile, and efficient. Biodiesel offers several advantages, including emissions, lubricity, and safety, making it a sustainable fuel option and its properties conforms to the international standards. However, it has lower energy content, cold weather performance issues, and slightly reduced engine power compared to petroleum diesel. The choice of biodiesel feedstock depends on its properties, with jatropha oil and other feedstocks being potential in Ghana. Research on biodiesel in Ghana is still in early stages and the Ghanaian government's policy aims to replace 10 % of petroleum fuel with biofuel by 2020 and 20 % by 2030, but these goals have not been achieved due to barriers. Despite these challenges, the government and stakeholders in the biofuel industry are working to optimize the biodiesel sector for sustainability, efficiency, and scalability. Innovative cultivation techniques and low-cost oil extraction methods are required, necessitating interdisciplinary research collaborations. By capitalizing on these opportunities and implementing targeted interventions, Ghana can become a regional leader in sustainable biodiesel production. [Display omitted] •Use of petroleum fuel is associated with a lot of challenges including emission of greenhouse gases.•Biodiesel is an alternative fuel obtained from renewable sources is in early stages in Ghana.•Ghana's policy on biofuel aims at replacing petroleum fuel with biofuel by10 % by 2020 and 20 % by 2030.•The aim has not been achieved due to barriers like, high cost of production, etc.•Solutions to these challenges include enactment of proper legislation, use of mass media campaign, etc.