Understanding Neurodegeneration from a Clinical and Therapeutic Perspective in Early Diabetic Retinopathy

Recent evidence indicates that neurodegeneration is a critical element of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The neuronal cells' apoptosis contributes to microvascular impairment and blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Therefore, neurodegeneration represents an early intervention target to sl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-02, Vol.14 (4), p.792
Main Authors: Fragiotta, Serena, Pinazo-Durán, Maria D, Scuderi, Gianluca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aging
Apoptosis
Blood vessels
Citicoline
Clinical trials
Damage detection
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy
Diabetic Retinopathy
diet
Homeostasis
Humans
Impairment
Microvasculature
Neurodegeneration
Neurons
neuroprotection
Neuroprotective Agents - therapeutic use
Neurotoxicity
nutraceutics
Potassium
Retina
Retinopathy
Review
Somatostatin
supplementation
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Summary:Recent evidence indicates that neurodegeneration is a critical element of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The neuronal cells' apoptosis contributes to microvascular impairment and blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Therefore, neurodegeneration represents an early intervention target to slow and prevent the development of microvascular alterations visible on clinical examination. Multimodal imaging features and functional assessment can permit the identification of neuronal damage in a subclinical stage before the recognition of DR signs. Clinical features of neurodegeneration are crucial in identifying patients at high risk of developing a vascular impairment and, thus, serve as outcome measures to understand the efficacy of supplementation. The optimal approach for targeting neurodegeneration contemplates the use of topical compounds that possibly act on different elements of the pathogenic cascade. To date, clinical trials available on humans tested three different topical agents, including brimonidine, somatostatin, and citicoline, with promising results.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14040792