Effects of sandfish ( Holothuria scabra ) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2018-05, Vol.6, p.e4773-e4773, Article e4773
• Main Authors: Lee, Steven, Ford, Amanda K, Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Wild, Christian, Ferse, Sebastian C A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Benthic-pelagic coupling; Biocatalysts; Biochemistry; Biogeochemistry; Bioturbation; Coastal ecosystems; Coral reefs; Distribution; Echinodermata; Ecology; Ecosystem biology; Ecosystem management; Environmental aspects; Environmental Impacts; Excretion; Fisheries; Grain size; Holothuria; Holothuria scabra; Holothurians; Holothuroidea; Marine Biology; Marine ecology; Marine ecosystems; Mineralization; Organic matter; Overfishing; Oxygen consumption; Protection and preservation; Remineralization; Sandfish (Fish); Sea cucumbers; Sediments; Sediments (Geology); Size distribution; Supply and demand; Water temperature
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4773

Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) density (350 g m wet weight; . 15 individuals); (ii) density (60 g m ; . 3 individuals); and (iii) (0 g m ). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by , grain size distribution, O penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of at the study site can rework . 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m year ; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for and . There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the treatment. In the treatment, the O penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased . two-fold in the treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.