Removal of water pollutants using plant-based nanoscale zero-valent iron: A review

Nanotechnology has been increasingly explored for the treatment of various waste streams. Among different nanoparticles, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been extensively investigated due to its high reactivity and strong reducing power. However, conventional methods for the synthesis of nZVI pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2023-09, Vol.88 (5), p.1207-1231
Main Authors: Kheskwani, Urvashi, Ahammed, M. Mansoor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adsorption
Atoms & subatomic particles
Chemicals
Color removal
Dyes
Energy consumption
Environmental impact
Flavonoids
Flowers & plants
green synthesis
Heavy metals
Iron
Metals
Methods
Microorganisms
Morphology
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Nutrients
Physicochemical processes
Physicochemical properties
Phytochemicals
Plant extracts
Plant species
plant-based nzvi
Plants
Pollutant removal
Pollutants
Polyphenols
Reducing agents
Removal
Reviews
Synthesis
Toxicity
Waste management
Waste streams
Wastewater treatment
Water pollution
Water treatment
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Summary:Nanotechnology has been increasingly explored for the treatment of various waste streams. Among different nanoparticles, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been extensively investigated due to its high reactivity and strong reducing power. However, conventional methods for the synthesis of nZVI particles have several limitations and led to the green synthesis of nZVI using plant-based materials. Plant extracts contain various reducing agents that can be used for nZVI synthesis, eliminating the need for toxic chemicals, and reducing energy consumption. Additionally, each plant species used for nZVI synthesis results in unique physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. This review paper provides an overview of plant-based nZVI particle synthesis, its characteristics, and its application for the removal of different classes of pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, nutrients, and trace organic pollutants from water. The review shows that continued research on plant-based nZVI particles to fully understand its potential in wastewater treatment, especially for the removal of a wider variety of pollutants, and for improving sustainability and reducing the cost and environmental impact of the process, is necessary.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2023.270