The Phytochemical, Antifungal, and First Report of the Antiviral Properties of Egyptian Haplophyllum tuberculatum Extract

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-09, Vol.9 (9), p.248
• Main Authors: Abdelkhalek, Ahmed, Salem, Mohamed Z M, Hafez, Elsayed, Behiry, Said I, Qari, Sameer H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-infective agents; antifungal property; Antiviral activity; Chalcone synthase; Disease; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Fungi; Haplophyllum tuberculatum; Health aspects; High-performance liquid chromatography; HPLC analysis; Inoculation; Kaempferol; Materia medica, Vegetable; Medicinal plants; Metabolites; Pesticides; phytochemical analysis; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Plant virus diseases; Plants; Quercetin; Resveratrol; Rosmarinic acid; Rutaceae; Rutin; tobacco mosaic virus; Transcription; Transgenic plants; Viral infections; Viruses
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology9090248

In this study, ethanol whole plant extract (WPE) of was characterized and tested for its antifungal and antiviral activities against , and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the main phytochemical constituents of WPE were resveratrol (5178.58 mg/kg), kaempferol (1735.23 mg/kg), myricetin (561.18 mg/kg), rutin (487.04 mg/kg), quercetin (401.04 mg/kg), and rosmarinic acid (387.33 mg/kg). By increasing WPE at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, all of the fungal isolates were suppressed compared to the two positive and negative controls. Under greenhouse conditions, WPE-treated plants strongly inhibited TMV infection and significantly reduced TMV accumulation levels when compared to non-treated plants. Moreover, the induction of systemic resistance with significant increases in the transcriptional levels of the pathogenesis-related protein-1 ( -1), chalcone synthase ( ) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase ( ) genes for treated plants were noticed at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) for both assays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported observation of the antiviral activity of extract against plant viral infections. Finally, the results obtained suggest that WPE can be considered a promising source of both antifungal and antiviral substances for practical use and for developing plant-derived compounds for the effective management of plant diseases.