Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation

A bstract We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large- N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N 0 to N 2 , which persists in the weak coup...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of high energy physics 2021-08, Vol.2021 (8), p.1-29, Article 39
Main Authors: Hanada, Masanori, Shimada, Hidehiko, Wintergerst, Nico
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1/N Expansion
Bose-Einstein condensates
Bosons
Classical and Quantum Gravitation
Color
Confinement
Coupling
Elementary Particles
Gauge theory
Gauge-gravity correspondence
Gravity
High energy physics
Long range order
M(atrix) Theories
Mechanical systems
Order parameters
Permutations
Phase transitions
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Quantum Field Theories
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum gravity
Quantum mechanics
Quantum Physics
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Relativity Theory
String Theory
Symmetry
Theoretical physics
Wilson, ’t Hooft and Polyakov loops
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Summary:A bstract We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large- N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N 0 to N 2 , which persists in the weak coupling region. Indistinguishability associated with the symmetry group — SU( N ) or O( N ) in gauge theory, and S N permutations in the system of identical bosons — is crucial for the formation of the condensed (confined) phase. We relate standard criteria, based on off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) for BEC and the Polyakov loop for gauge theory. The constant offset of the distribution of the phases of the Polyakov loop corresponds to ODLRO, and gives the order parameter for the partially-(de)confined phase at finite coupling. We demonstrate this explicitly for several quantum mechanical systems (i.e., theories at small or zero spatial volume) at weak coupling, and argue that this mechanism extends to large volume and/or strong coupling. This viewpoint may have implications for confinement at finite N , and for quantum gravity via gauge/gravity duality.
ISSN:1029-8479
1029-8479
DOI:10.1007/JHEP08(2021)039