Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?

The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. Thes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-06, Vol.14 (12), p.2534
Main Authors: Alesci, Alessio, Pergolizzi, Simona, Fumia, Angelo, Miller, Anthea, Cernigliaro, Caterina, Zaccone, Maria, Salamone, Vanessa, Mastrantonio, Enza, Gangemi, Sebastiano, Pioggia, Giovanni, Cicero, Nicola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokines
Disease transmission
Epidemics
Estrogens
Fetuses
Food and nutrition
Health aspects
Hemoglobin
Immune system
Infections
Influenza
Lymphocytes
Mental illness
Micronutrients
Mortality
Neutrophils
Pandemics
Pathogens
Physiology
Pneumonia
Pregnancy
Pregnant women
Psychological aspects
Psychophysics
Quarantine
Review
Risk factors
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signs and symptoms
Soil fertility
Stress
Viral infections
Vitamins
Womens health
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Summary:The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14122534