Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in essential cellular functions, including cytosolic calcium regulation, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They are the site of important biochemical pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, parts of the ureagenesis cycl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2023-03, Vol.12 (3), p.658
Main Authors: Cojocaru, Karina-Alexandra, Luchian, Ionut, Goriuc, Ancuta, Antoci, Lucian-Mihai, Ciobanu, Cristian-Gabriel, Popescu, Roxana, Vlad, Cristiana-Elena, Blaj, Mihaela, Foia, Liliana Georgeta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine triphosphate
antioxidants
Apoptosis
Biosynthesis
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cytochrome
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Free radicals
Kinases
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Neurodegenerative diseases
Obesity
Organelles
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Phosphorylation
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Review
ROS
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in essential cellular functions, including cytosolic calcium regulation, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They are the site of important biochemical pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, parts of the ureagenesis cycle, or haem synthesis. Mitochondria are responsible for the majority of cellular ATP production through OXPHOS. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with metabolic pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, cellular aging, and cancer. In this article, we describe the pathophysiological changes in, and mitochondrial role of, metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease) and their correlation with oxidative stress. We highlight the genetic changes identified at the mtDNA level. Additionally, we selected several representative biomarkers involved in oxidative stress and summarize the progress of therapeutic strategies.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox12030658