Approaching the Gut and Nasal Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease in the Era of the Seed Amplification Assays

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often associated with pre-motor symptoms involving both gastrointestinal and olfactory tissues. PD patients frequently suffer from hyposmia, hyposalivation, dysphagia and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. During the last few years it has bee...

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Published in:Brain sciences 2022-11, Vol.12 (11), p.1579
Main Authors: Consonni, Alessandra, Miglietti, Martina, De Luca, Chiara Maria Giulia, Cazzaniga, Federico Angelo, Ciullini, Arianna, Dellarole, Ilaria Linda, Bufano, Giuseppe, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Giaccone, Giorgio, Baggi, Fulvio, Moda, Fabio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Bacteria
Brain research
Digestive system
Dysbacteriosis
Dysphagia
Gastrointestinal tract
Inflammatory bowel disease
Intestinal microflora
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Movement disorders
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Olfactory epithelium
olfactory mucosa
Parkinson's disease
Permeability
Physiology
Review
seed amplification assays
Synuclein
Taxonomy
α-synuclein
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Summary:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often associated with pre-motor symptoms involving both gastrointestinal and olfactory tissues. PD patients frequently suffer from hyposmia, hyposalivation, dysphagia and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. During the last few years it has been speculated that microbial agents could play a crucial role in PD. In particular, alterations of the microbiota composition (dysbiosis) might contribute to the formation of misfolded α-synuclein, which is believed to be the leading cause of PD. However, while several findings confirmed that there might be an important link between intestinal microbiota alterations and PD onset, little is known about the potential contribution of the nasal microbiota. Here, we describe the latest findings on this topic by considering that more than 80% of patients with PD develop remarkable olfactory deficits in their prodromal disease stage. Therefore, the nasal microbiota might contribute to PD, eventually boosting the gut microbiota in promoting disease onset. Finally, we present the applications of the seed amplification assays to the study of the gut and olfactory mucosa of PD patients, and how they could be exploited to investigate whether pathogenic bacteria present in the gut and the nose might promote α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation.
ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci12111579