Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview

The theory of heterogeneous nucleation was initially developed as a part of condensed matter physics, and later it was used as an important engineering tool to design metallurgical processes. This success has led to wide applications of the theory in metallurgical practice. For example, engineering...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metals (Basel ) 2023-07, Vol.13 (7), p.1154
Main Authors: Lekakh, Simon N., Qing, Jingjing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloys
alloys with primary crystalline phase
Analysis
cast alloys
Cast iron
cast iron with spheroidal graphite
Casting
Casting alloys
Cement constituents
Cementite
Condensed matter physics
Contact angle
Engineering
Geometry
Graphite
heterogeneous nucleation
High resolution electron microscopy
Intermetallic compounds
Iron compounds
Iron, Nodular
Metallurgy
Microporosity
Multiphase
Nodular graphitic structure
Nodular iron
Nucleation
Shrinkage
Simulation
Solid solutions
Solidification
structure modification
Supersaturation
Thermodynamics
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Summary:The theory of heterogeneous nucleation was initially developed as a part of condensed matter physics, and later it was used as an important engineering tool to design metallurgical processes. This success has led to wide applications of the theory in metallurgical practice. For example, engineering heterogeneous nucleation in ductile iron has been used to reduce shrinkage defects, suppress cementite formation, and modify the size and shape of microstructural constituencies. This demonstrates how theoretical knowledge could benefit industry practice. This overview aims to summarize the authors’ published studies in co-authorship with colleagues and students, which covers different aspects of engineering heterogeneous nucleation in multiphase cast alloys. Several approaches for engineering heterogeneous nucleation using thermodynamic simulation as well as practical methods for improving efficiency of nucleation using the co-precipitation technique and a local transient melt supersaturation are suggested. Automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the simulation predictions. Practical examples of controlling microporosity shrinkage in cast irons with spheroidal graphite are presented to illustrate the power of engineering heterogenous nucleation.
ISSN:2075-4701
2075-4701
DOI:10.3390/met13071154