Emerging functions and clinical applications of exosomes in human oral diseases

Exosomes are cell-derived membranous vesicles of endosomal origin secreted by all type of cells and present in various body fluids. Exosomes are enriched in peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids, emerging as vital modulators in intercellular communication. Exosomes are increasingly being evaluated as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell & bioscience 2020-05, Vol.10 (1), p.68-13, Article 68
Main Authors: Peng, Qiao, Yang, Jing-Ya, Zhou, Gang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Body fluids
Cancer therapies
Cell growth
Cell signaling
Coxsackievirus infections
Drug delivery
Exosomes
Genotype & phenotype
Gum disease
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Hypoxia
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ionizing radiation
Kinases
Leukokeratosis
Lichen planus
Lipids
Medical prognosis
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metastasis
Nucleic acids
Oral cancer
Oral disease
Oral diseases
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Oral tissue regeneration
Peptides
Periodontitis
Plasma
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Prognosis
Proteins
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjogren's syndrome
Squamous cell carcinoma
Stem cells
Therapeutic applications
Tissue engineering
Wound healing
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Summary:Exosomes are cell-derived membranous vesicles of endosomal origin secreted by all type of cells and present in various body fluids. Exosomes are enriched in peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids, emerging as vital modulators in intercellular communication. Exosomes are increasingly being evaluated as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, because the constituents of exosomes could be reprogrammed depending on the states of diseases. These features also make exosomes a research hotspot in oral diseases in recent years. In this review, we outlined the characteristics of exosomes, focused on the differential expressions and altered biological functions of exosomes in oral diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia, periodontitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, oral lichen planus, as well as hand foot and mouth disease. Besides, accumulated evidence documents that it is implementable to consider the natural nanostructured exosomes as a new strategy for disease treatment. Herein, we highlighted the therapeutic potential of exosomes in oral tissue regeneration, oncotherapy, wound healing, and their superiority as therapeutic drug delivery vehicles.
ISSN:2045-3701
2045-3701
DOI:10.1186/s13578-020-00424-0