The long-term impact of the integrated crop-livestock system on carbon emission, sustainability and livelihood security of small and medium farmers

In India, 80 per cent of the farmers are small and marginal farmers. They primarily depend on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood security. The rice-rice cropping system reduces farm income, declined soil fertility and other soil degradation problems. The farming system approach i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment conservation journal 2023-09, Vol.24 (3), p.31-39
Main Authors: O, Kumara, A. H., Kumar Naik, L., Rajashekhar, Goudra, Shivanand
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural economics
Agricultural enterprises
Agricultural wastes
Carbon
carbon sequestration
Cereal crops
Cropping systems
Economics
Emissions
Farm income
Farmers
Farming systems
Farms
Fertility
Fertilizers
IFS
Livelihood
Livestock
Manures
Organic fertilizers
Organic wastes
Profit
Profitability
Profits
Rice
Rice fields
Security
Soil degradation
Soil fertility
Sustainability
sustainability index
Sustainable yield
Waste materials
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Summary:In India, 80 per cent of the farmers are small and marginal farmers. They primarily depend on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood security. The rice-rice cropping system reduces farm income, declined soil fertility and other soil degradation problems. The farming system approach is a holistic tool to address the problems of mono-cropping through diversification that enhances farm income, production and employment. A field study was conducted during 2011–2018 to study the impact of the rice-based integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) for profitability, carbon emission and sustainability. Recycling of resources and residues led to higher productivity (58.9 %) and net profit (48.5 %) over the initial year by adopting rice-based ICLS. This system had a net profit of $ 3097/year and generated 776 man T days/ha/year employments. In ICLS, the recyclable farm waste material of 28.98 tons is converted into organic manures of 16.03 tons and saves the fertilizer’s cost of $ 504 per year. It can be a sustainable model with a sustainable yield index (0.11) of for wet situations with less carbon-emitting and profitable.
ISSN:0972-3099
2278-5124
DOI:10.36953/ECJ.15452493