Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis

Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine drugs 2023-12, Vol.21 (12), p.643
Main Authors: Medoro, Alessandro, Davinelli, Sergio, Milella, Luigi, Willcox, Bradley J, Allsopp, Richard C, Scapagnini, Giovanni, Willcox, Donald Craig
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adult neurogenesis
Adults
Ageing
Aging
Algae
Anti-inflammatory agents
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology
Antioxidant properties
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Astaxanthin
Blood-brain barrier
Brain
Carotenoids
Cell proliferation
Cytokines
Diet
Enzymes
FOXO3
FOXO3 protein
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Humans
Inflammation
Microenvironments
Neural Stem Cells
Neurogenesis
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
NF-κB protein
Niches
Nrf2
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Progenitor cells
Proliferation
Regeneration
Regeneration (biological)
Restoration
Salmon
Stem cells
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Summary:Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properties of astaxanthin, a carotenoid principally extracted from the microalga The unique chemical structure of astaxanthin enables it to cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the brain, where it may positively influence adult neurogenesis. Astaxanthin can affect molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis, through the activation of FOXO3-related genetic pathways, growth, and regeneration of adult brain neurons, enhancing cell proliferation and the potency of stem cells in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin appears to modulate neuroinflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and limiting neuroinflammation associated with aging and chronic microglial activation. By modulating these pathways, along with its potent antioxidant properties, astaxanthin may contribute to the restoration of a healthy neurogenic microenvironment, thereby preserving the activity of neurogenic niches during both normal and pathological aging.
ISSN:1660-3397
1660-3397
DOI:10.3390/md21120643