Quantum first detection of a quantum walker on a perturbed ring

• Published in: Physical review research 2023-03, Vol.5 (1), p.013202, Article 013202
• Main Authors: Wang, Ya-Jing, Yin, Ruo-Yu, Dou, Ling-Yu, Zhang, An-Ning, Song, Xin-Bing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2643-1564; 2643-1564
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.013202

The problem of quantum first detection time has been extensively investigated in recent years. Employing the stroboscopic measurement protocol, we consider such a monitored quantum walk on sequentially or periodically perturbed rings and focus on the statistics of first detected return time, namely, the time it takes a particle to return to the initial state for the first time. Using time-independent perturbation theory, we obtain the general form of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian. For the case of a sequentially perturbed ring system, we find steplike behaviors of ∑_{n=1}^{N}nF_{n} (→〈n〉 as N→∞) when N increases, with two plateaus corresponding to integers, where F_{n} is the first detected return probability at the nth detection attempt. Meanwhile, if the initial condition preserves the reflection symmetry, the mean return time is the same as the unperturbed system. For the periodically perturbed system, similar results can also appear in the case where the symmetry is preserved; however, the size of the ring, the interval between adjacent perturbations, and the initial position may change the mean return time in most cases. In addition, we find that the decay rate of the first detection probability F_{n} decreases with the increase in perturbation amplitude. More profoundly, the symmetry-preserving setup of the initial conditions leads to the coincidence of F_{n}. The symmetry of the physical systems under investigation is deeply reflected in the quantum detection time statistics.