Vaccine-induced spike- and nucleocapsid-specific cellular responses maintain potent cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

Cell-mediated immunity may contribute to providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOC). We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based COVID-19 vaccine that stimulated potent spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific humoral and...

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Published in:iScience 2022-08, Vol.25 (8), p.104745-104745, Article 104745
Main Authors: Chiuppesi, Flavia, Zaia, John A., Faircloth, Katelyn, Johnson, Daisy, Ly, Minh, Karpinski, Veronica, La Rosa, Corinna, Drake, Jennifer, Marcia, Joan, Acosta, Ann Marie, Dempsey, Shannon, Taplitz, Randy A., Zhou, Qiao, Park, Yoonsuh, Ortega Francisco, Sandra, Kaltcheva, Teodora, Frankel, Paul H., Rosen, Steven, Wussow, Felix, Dadwal, Sanjeet, Diamond, Don J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Health sciences
Immune response
Immunology
Virology
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Summary:Cell-mediated immunity may contribute to providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOC). We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based COVID-19 vaccine that stimulated potent spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we show that individuals vaccinated with COH04S1 or mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 maintain robust cross-reactive cellular immunity for six or more months post-vaccination. Although neutralizing antibodies induced in COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees showed reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, S-specific T cells elicited in both COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees and N-specific T cells elicited in COH04S1-vaccinees demonstrated potent and equivalent cross-reactivity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the major VOC. These results suggest that vaccine-induced T cells to S and N antigens may constitute a critical second line of defense to provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC. [Display omitted] •COH04S1 and BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity sustained for six months•Neutralizing antibodies with reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants•Spike- and nucleocapsid-specific T cells maintain cross-reactivity to variants•Vaccine-induced T cells may provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 Health sciences; Immunology; Immune response; Virology
ISSN:2589-0042
2589-0042
DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104745