Parkia from Cerrado: phytochemical bioprospection, toxicity and in vitro bioactivities of bark and flower extracts

• Published in: Brazilian journal of biology 2023, Vol.83, p.1-10
• Main Authors: Fernandes, R. M. N., Cardoso, C. A. L, Alves, D. R., Morais, S. M., Scapin, E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Alzheimer's disease; anticholinesterase; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Artemia; Artemia salina; Bark; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; BIOLOGY; Bioprospecting; Chemical composition; Chromatography; Cleaning process; Degreasing; Ellagic acid; Ethanol; fava de bolota; Ferulic acid; Flavonoids; Gas chromatography; Glucose; Hexanes; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Parkia; Parkia platycephala; Phytochemicals; Rutin; Sensors; Solvents; Steroid hormones; Toxicity
• ISSN: 1519-6984; 1678-4375; 1678-4375
• DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275733

Abstract Parkia platycephala is the only species of the genus Parkia that is endemic to the brazilian Cerrado and the tree symbol of the state of Tocantins, but there are still few studies regarding its bioprospecting. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, toxicity and bioactivities of the bark and flower of Parkia platycephala. Hot sequential extractions (Soxhlet) were performed using methanol and hydroethanolic solution (70%), after degreasing the sample (hexane). The presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and alkaloids was detected in the preliminary screening. Trilinolein, (Z)-9-octadecenamide, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose were detected by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (LC-PDA) analysis, it was detected exclusively ferulic acid (bark) and ellagic acid (flower). The ethanolic extract of the bark (IC50=10.69 ± 0.35 µgmL-1) has an antioxidant potential (DPPH• radical) higher than that of the rutin standard (IC50=15.85 ± 0.08 µgmL-1). All extracts showed excellent anticholinesterase potential (Ellman), with emphasis on the ethanol extract of the flower (IC50 =5.34 ± 0.12 µgmL-1). Regarding toxicity (Artemia salina), the methanolic extract of the bark and the ethanolic extract of the flower presented high and moderate levels, respectively. Such results limit the concentrations of biological activities in this study, however, the antioxidant and anticholinesterase indices fall short of toxicity. The results demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of both the bark and the flower of Parkia platycephala. Resumo A Parkia platycephala é a única espécie do gênero Parkia, endêmica do Cerrado brasileiro e a árvore símbolo do estado do Tocantins, porém ainda com pouco estudos com relação a sua bioprospecção. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica, avaliar a toxicidade e as atividades antioxidante e anticolinesterásica dos extratos da casca e da flor da Parkia platycephala. Foram realizadas extrações sequenciais a quente (Soxhlet), utilizando hexano, metanol e solução hidroetanólica (70%). A presença de flavonoides, taninos, esteroides e alcaloides foi detectada na triagem preliminar. A análise por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS) indicou a presença de variados compostos, tais como trilinoleina, (Z)-9-octadecenamida, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose e methylsulfinyl(methylthio)-methane. Na