Electrospinning engineering of gas electrodes for high‐performance lithium–gas batteries

• Published in: Carbon energy 2024-10, Vol.6 (10), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Wang, Jingzhao, Chen, Xin, Wang, Jianan, Cui, Xiangming, Wang, Ze, Zhang, Guangpeng, Lyu, Wei, Shkunov, Maxim, Silva, S. Ravi P., Liao, Yaozu, Yang, Kai, Yan, Wei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; carbon nanofibers; Catalysts; Catalytic activity; Catalytic converters; Decomposition; Design optimization; electrocatalyst; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Electrospinning; Energy efficiency; Energy storage; Fabrication; gas electrodes; Gases; Ideal gas; Lithium; metal‐gas batteries; Morphology; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Optimization; Oxidation; Performance enhancement; Reaction kinetics; Thin films
• ISSN: 2637-9368; 2637-9368
• DOI: 10.1002/cey2.572

Lithium–gas batteries (LGBs) have garnered significant attention due to their impressive high‐energy densities and unique gas conversion capability. Nevertheless, the practical application of LGBs faces substantial challenges, including sluggish gas conversion kinetics inducing in low‐rate performance and high overpotential, along with limited electrochemical reversibility leading to poor cycle life. The imperative task is to develop gas electrodes with remarkable catalytic activity, abundant active sites, and exceptional electrochemical stability. Electrospinning, a versatile and well‐established technique for fabricating fibrous nanomaterials, has been extensively explored in LGB applications. In this work, we emphasize the critical structure–property for ideal gas electrodes and summarize the advancement of employing electrospun nanofibers (NFs) for performance enhancement in LGBs. Beyond elucidating the fundamental principles of LGBs and the electrospinning technique, we focus on the systematic design of electrospun NF‐based gas electrodes regarding optimal structural fabrication, catalyst handling and activation, and catalytic site optimization, as well as considerations for large‐scale implementation. The demonstrated principles and regulations for electrode design are expected to inspire broad applications in catalyst‐based energy applications. This review emphasizes the pivotal structure–property for ideal gas electrodes and highlights the great potential of employing electrospun nanofibers (NFs) for performance enhancement in lithium–gas batteries (LGBs). Our approach correlates the fundamental reaction mechanisms of various LGBs with foundational design principles for optimal gas electrodes. Beyond a succinct introduction to electrospinning technology, our focus extends to a comprehensive exploration of the systematic design of gas electrodes.