Impaired Mitophagy in Neurons and Glial Cells during Aging and Age-Related Disorders

Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, which can partly be explained by the accumulation of damage to the brain cells over time. Neurons and glia undergo morphological and ultrastructure changes during aging. Over the past several years, it has become evident that at the cellular...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-09, Vol.22 (19), p.10251
Main Authors: Sukhorukov, Vladimir, Voronkov, Dmitry, Baranich, Tatiana, Mudzhiri, Natalia, Magnaeva, Alina, Illarioshkin, Sergey
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Aging
Aging - pathology
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Autophagy
Autophagy - physiology
Brain damage
Brain injury
Chemical compounds
Crosstalk
Dopamine
Glial cells
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - pathology
Mitochondrial DNA
mitophagy
Mitophagy - physiology
Mutation
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neuroglia - pathology
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
Neurons - pathology
Oxidative stress
Parkinson's disease
Phagocytosis
Pharmacology
Phosphorylation
Proteins
Review
Ultrastructure
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Summary:Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, which can partly be explained by the accumulation of damage to the brain cells over time. Neurons and glia undergo morphological and ultrastructure changes during aging. Over the past several years, it has become evident that at the cellular level, various hallmarks of an aging brain are closely related to mitophagy. The importance of mitochondria quality and quantity control through mitophagy is highlighted by the contribution that defects in mitochondria-autophagy crosstalk make to aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we analyze some of the more recent findings regarding the study of brain aging and neurodegeneration in the context of mitophagy. We discuss the data on the dynamics of selective autophagy in neurons and glial cells during aging and in the course of neurodegeneration, focusing on three mechanisms of mitophagy: non-receptor-mediated mitophagy, receptor-mediated mitophagy, and transcellular mitophagy. We review the role of mitophagy in neuronal/glial homeostasis and in the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other disorders. Common mechanisms of aging and neurodegeneration that are related to different mitophagy pathways provide a number of promising targets for potential therapeutic agents.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms221910251