Measures Matter-Determining the True Nutri-Physiological Value of Feed Ingredients for Swine

Many types of feed ingredients are used to provide energy and nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of swine. However, the analytical methods and measures used to determine the true nutritional and physiological ("nutri-physiological") value of feed ingredients affect the accuracy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2021-04, Vol.11 (5), p.1259
Main Authors: Shurson, Gerald C, Hung, Yuan-Tai, Jang, Jae Cheol, Urriola, Pedro E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amino acids
Analytical methods
Animal nutrition
Animals
Antibiotics
Chemical analysis
Circadian rhythms
dietary fiber
Digestibility
digestion kinetics
Efficiency
Energy
Environmental impact
Feeding behavior
Feeds
Food
functional ingredients
Hogs
in vitro digestibility
In vitro methods and tests
In vivo methods and tests
Ingredients
lipids
Manufacturers
Manufacturing
Metabolism
Microbiomes
Moisture content
Nutrients
Nutrition
Nutrition research
Nutritional requirements
Nutritionists
Nutritive value
Phosphorus
Physiology
Pork
Review
Supply chains
Sustainability
Swine
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Summary:Many types of feed ingredients are used to provide energy and nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of swine. However, the analytical methods and measures used to determine the true nutritional and physiological ("nutri-physiological") value of feed ingredients affect the accuracy of predicting and achieving desired animal responses. Some chemical characteristics of feed ingredients are detrimental to pig health and performance, while functional components in other ingredients provide beneficial health effects beyond their nutritional value when included in complete swine diets. Traditional analytical procedures and measures are useful for determining energy and nutrient digestibility of feed ingredients, but do not adequately assess their true physiological or biological value. Prediction equations, along with ex vivo and in vitro methods, provide some benefits for assessing the nutri-physiological value of feed ingredients compared with in vivo determinations, but they also have some limitations. Determining the digestion kinetics of the different chemical components of feed ingredients, understanding how circadian rhythms affect feeding behavior and the gastrointestinal microbiome of pigs, and accounting for the functional properties of many feed ingredients in diet formulation are the emerging innovations that will facilitate improvements in precision swine nutrition and environmental sustainability in global pork-production systems.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani11051259