More Than Just a Spearhead: Diverse Functions of PAAR for Assembly and Delivery of Toxins of the Contractile Injection Systems

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) belongs to the evolutionarily related group of contractile injection systems that employ a contractile outer sheath to inject a rigid spear-like inner tube into target bacterial and eukaryotic cells. The tip of the rigid tube is often decorated by a PAAR-repeat pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:mSystems 2021-12, Vol.6 (6), p.e0138621
Main Authors: Zheng, Hao-Yu, Yang, Liang, Dong, Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Commentary
Contractility
effector
Genomes
Gram-positive bacteria
Hypotheses
Injection systems
interspecies interaction
Laboratories
Life sciences
PAAR
protein secretion
Proteins
T6SS
Toxins
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Summary:The type VI secretion system (T6SS) belongs to the evolutionarily related group of contractile injection systems that employ a contractile outer sheath to inject a rigid spear-like inner tube into target bacterial and eukaryotic cells. The tip of the rigid tube is often decorated by a PAAR-repeat protein as a key structural component. Many members of the PAAR protein family can also have additional and diverse functions by serving as toxins for those with extended domains or as carriers for interacting toxins. A plethora of toxin modules or modules of unknown functions have been bioinformatically predicted to be associated with PAAR either as a fused domain or as an interacting partner, and yet only a small number of PAAR proteins have been studied, highlighting the exciting and dire need for future research to better understand the diverse PAAR-mediated functions.
ISSN:2379-5077
2379-5077
DOI:10.1128/msystems.01386-21