Methods of Inactivation of Highly Pathogenic Viruses for Molecular, Serology or Vaccine Development Purposes

The handling of highly pathogenic viruses, whether for diagnostic or research purposes, often requires an inactivation step. This article reviews available inactivation techniques published in peer-reviewed journals and their benefits and limitations in relation to the intended application. The bulk...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022, Vol.11 (2), p.271
Main Authors: Elveborg, Simon, Monteil, Vanessa M, Mirazimi, Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1.5-iodonaphtyl azide
Acids
Aldehydes
aromatic disulfides
Beta rays
Beta-propiolactone
chaotriopic salts
Deactivation
Dengue fever
detergent
Detergents
Ebola virus
Encephalitis
Gamma irradiation
Genomes
Heat
Heat inactivation
Hydrogen peroxide
immunoassay
Inactivation
Infectivity
Irradiation
Laboratories
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Molecular biology
Pathogens
psoralens
Reagents
Review
RNA viruses
Salts
SARS-CoV-2
Serology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Ultraviolet radiation
UV-radiation
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Viruses
West Nile virus
γ Radiation
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Description
Summary:The handling of highly pathogenic viruses, whether for diagnostic or research purposes, often requires an inactivation step. This article reviews available inactivation techniques published in peer-reviewed journals and their benefits and limitations in relation to the intended application. The bulk of highly pathogenic viruses are represented by enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the , , , , , , , and families. Here, we summarize inactivation methods for these virus families that allow for subsequent molecular and serological analysis or vaccine development. The techniques identified here include: treatment with guanidium-based chaotropic salts, heat inactivation, photoactive compounds such as psoralens or 1.5-iodonaphtyl azide, detergents, fixing with aldehydes, UV-radiation, gamma irradiation, aromatic disulfides, beta-propiolacton and hydrogen peroxide. The combination of simple techniques such as heat or UV-radiation and detergents such as Tween-20, Triton X-100 or Sodium dodecyl sulfate are often sufficient for virus inactivation, but the efficiency may be affected by influencing factors including quantity of infectious particles, matrix constitution, pH, salt- and protein content. Residual infectivity of the inactivated virus could have disastrous consequences for both laboratory/healthcare personnel and patients. Therefore, the development of inactivation protocols requires careful considerations which we review here.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11020271