Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin

Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-04, Vol.21 (8), p.2847
Main Authors: Lew, Pei Sze, Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana, Kamarudin, Suryani, Thamrin, Norashikin M, Misnan, Mohamad Farid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
bokashi composting
Composting
Decomposition
Food
Food waste
Fruits
Greenhouse gases
Households
Humidity
Internet of Things
IoT
Landfill
Landfill gas
Microorganisms
Moisture content
Municipal solid waste
Recycling centers
Refuse Disposal
Sensors
smart composting bin
Soil
Soil analysis
Soil Microbiology
Soil moisture
Syrups & sweeteners
WIFI
Wireless access points
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Summary:Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost's effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s21082847