Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

• Published in: Nutrients 2021-10, Vol.13 (11), p.3691
• Main Authors: Cacau, Leandro Teixeira, Benseñor, Isabela Martins, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Cardoso, Leticia Oliveira, Lotufo, Paulo Andrade, Moreno, Luis A, Marchioni, Dirce Maria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Body size; Body weight; Brazil - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diet; diet quality; Diet Surveys; Diet, Healthy - standards; Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data; EAT-Lancet diet; Emission standards; Female; Food; Fruits; Global Health - standards; Guideline Adherence - statistics & numerical data; Health care; Humans; Indicators; Legumes; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Meat; Middle Aged; Nutrition Policy; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - prevention & control; Per capita; Regression Analysis; Seafood; Sociodemographics; sustainable diet; Waist Circumference; Womens health
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu13113691

The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a model diet to improve the health of human beings and that of the planet. Recently, we proposed the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) to assess adherence of the population to this model diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adherence to the PHDI and obesity outcomes using baseline data from 14,515 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The dietary data were assessed using a 114-item FFQ. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both used continuously and categorized. Linear and multinomial regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors were performed to assess the relationship between adherence to PHDI and outcomes. An inverse association was observed between adherence to PHDI and obesity indicators. Individuals with high adherence to the PHDI had lower BMI (β-0.50 95% CI-0.73:-0.27) and WC (β-1.70 95% CI-2.28:-1.12) values. They were also 24% less likely to be overweight (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.67:0.85) or obese (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.65:0.88), and they were 14% and 27% less likely to have increased WC (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.75:0.98) or substantially increased WC (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.64:0.83) than those with lower adherence. Our results showed that higher adherence to the PHDI may decrease obesity indicators.