Study on Lowering the Group 1 Protease Allergens from House Dust Mites by Exposing to Todomatsu Oil Atmosphere

• Published in: Atmosphere 2023-03, Vol.14 (3), p.548
• Main Authors: Lin, Yichun, Xiao, Kai, Wang, Weiqian, Lu, Senlin, Wang, Qingyue
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetates; Acetic acid; Air quality; Air quality measurements; Allergens; Allergies; Amino acids; Analytical methods; Antigenic determinants; Asthma; Atmospheric particulates; Bornyl acetate; Causes of; Control; Covalent bonds; Cysteine proteinase; Cytokines; Der f 1 antigen; Der p 1 antigen; Distribution; Dust; Electrophoresis; ELISA; Environmental aspects; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Epitopes; Essences and essential oils; Gel electrophoresis; Gels; Group 1 protease allergens; Health aspects; Herbal medicine; House dust; house dust mite; Humidity; Hydrogen bonding; Hydrogen bonds; Hydrophobicity; Immunoglobulin G; indoor aeroallergens; Indoor air; Indoor air pollution; Indoor air quality; Indoor environments; Ingredients; Inhibitors; Insect allergy; Mites; Molecular docking; Oil; Permeability; Polyacrylamide; Protease; Sodium; Sodium dodecyl sulfate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sulfates; suppression; todomatsu oil exposure
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos14030548

Group 1 protease allergens that persist in fecal particles from house dust mites (HDM) are the prevalent indoor aeroallergens and the primary triggers of dust mite allergy. Consequently, it is vital to discover a secure, efficient, affordable, and eco-friendly inhibitor to restrain these allergens. Herein, an assessment on the suppression of allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 (predominant Group 1 allergens) with todomatsu oil derived from the remnants of Abies sachalinensis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and molecular docking analysis in silico. The results demonstrated that todomatsu oil effectively suppresses allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 by lowering their allergen contents, and the decline rate rises with increasing todomatsu oil concentration. The formation of alkyl hydrophobic interactions, pi-sigma bonds, and hydrogen bonds have been observed between oil ingredients and allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1. Intriguingly, the majority of oil ingredients prefer to dock on hydrophobic amino acids. Additionally, oil ingredients docked to the cysteine protease site on Der f 1 or IgG epitope on Der p 1 were discovered. Notably, the binding affinity (BA) score and inhibition constant (Ki) revealed that bornyl acetate, the component with the maximum relative proportion in todomatsu oil, is included in the top five ingredients with the best inhibition effectiveness. As a result, todomatsu oil has been identified as an efficient inhibitor against Group 1 HDM allergens and a viable measure to improve indoor air quality.