Post-Translational Modifications of PCNA: Guiding for the Best DNA Damage Tolerance Choice

The sliding clamp PCNA is a multifunctional homotrimer mainly linked to DNA replication. During this process, cells must ensure an accurate and complete genome replication when constantly challenged by the presence of DNA lesions. Post-translational modifications of PCNA play a crucial role in chann...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2022-06, Vol.8 (6), p.621
Main Authors: Bellí, Gemma, Colomina, Neus, Castells-Roca, Laia, Lorite, Neus P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Cell cycle
Cell survival
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA biosynthesis
DNA damage
DNA damage tolerance
DNA polymerase
DNA repair
DNA replication forks
DNA replication stress
Drug development
Epitopes
fungal genome stability
Gene expression
Genomes
Homologous recombination
PCNA
Post-translation
post-translational modifications
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proteins
Replication
Review
SUMO protein
Translation
Ubiquitination
Yeast
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Summary:The sliding clamp PCNA is a multifunctional homotrimer mainly linked to DNA replication. During this process, cells must ensure an accurate and complete genome replication when constantly challenged by the presence of DNA lesions. Post-translational modifications of PCNA play a crucial role in channeling DNA damage tolerance (DDT) and repair mechanisms to bypass unrepaired lesions and promote optimal fork replication restart. PCNA ubiquitination processes trigger the following two main DDT sub-pathways: Rad6/Rad18-dependent PCNA monoubiquitination and Ubc13-Mms2/Rad5-mediated PCNA polyubiquitination, promoting error-prone translation synthesis (TLS) or error-free template switch (TS) pathways, respectively. However, the fork protection mechanism leading to TS during fork reversal is still poorly understood. In contrast, PCNA sumoylation impedes the homologous recombination (HR)-mediated salvage recombination (SR) repair pathway. Focusing on Saccharomyces cerevisiae budding yeast, we summarized PCNA related-DDT and repair mechanisms that coordinately sustain genome stability and cell survival. In addition, we compared PCNA sequences from various fungal pathogens, considering recent advances in structural features. Importantly, the identification of PCNA epitopes may lead to potential fungal targets for antifungal drug development.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof8060621