Immunopotentiating and Delivery Systems for HCV Vaccines

Development of preventive vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the main strategies in achieving global elimination of the disease. The effort is focused on the quest for vaccines capable of inducing protective cross-neutralizing humoral and cellular immune responses, which in turn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2021-05, Vol.13 (6), p.981
Main Authors: Andrianov, Alexander K., Fuerst, Thomas R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptability
Aluminum
Antigens
Aqueous solutions
delivery systems
Genetic diversity
Genotypes
Hepatitis
Hepatitis C
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immune response (humoral)
immunoadjuvants
immunopotentiation
Infections
Licenses
Mineral oils
Nanoparticles
pharmaceutical formulations
Polymers
Review
Self-assembly
Vaccines
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Summary:Development of preventive vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the main strategies in achieving global elimination of the disease. The effort is focused on the quest for vaccines capable of inducing protective cross-neutralizing humoral and cellular immune responses, which in turn dictate the need for rationally designed cross-genotype vaccine antigens and potent immunoadjuvants systems. This review provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge on immunopotentiating compounds and vaccine delivery systems capable of enhancing HCV antigen-specific immune responses, while focusing on the synergy and interplay of two modalities. Structural, physico-chemical, and biophysical features of these systems are discussed in conjunction with the analysis of their in vivo performance. Extreme genetic diversity of HCV-a well-known hurdle in the development of an HCV vaccine, may also present a challenge in a search for an effective immunoadjuvant, as the effort necessitates systematic and comparative screening of rationally designed antigenic constructs. The progress may be accelerated if the preference is given to well-defined molecular immunoadjuvants with greater formulation flexibility and adaptability, including those capable of spontaneous self-assembly behavior, while maintaining their robust immunopotentiating and delivery capabilities.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v13060981