Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Octocoral-Associated Microbes-New Chances for Blue Growth

Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa Octocorallia) are magnificent repositories of natural products with fascinating and unusual chemical structures and bioactivities of interest to medicine and biotechnology. However, mechanistic understanding of the contribution of microbial symbionts to the chemical di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine drugs 2018-12, Vol.16 (12), p.485
Main Authors: Raimundo, Inês, Silva, Sandra G, Costa, Rodrigo, Keller-Costa, Tina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Antibiotics
Anticancer properties
Antifouling substances
Antiviral agents
Bacteria
Bacteriocins
Bioactive compounds
Biological activity
biopharmaceuticals
bioprospection
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
blue economy
Clinical trials
Consortia
Coral reefs
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Fungi
Fungicides
Gene clusters
Genera
Genomes
gorgonians
host–microbe interactions
Inflammation
Invertebrates
Marine invertebrates
Medicine
Metabolites
Metagenomics
Microorganisms
Natural products
Polyketides
Recombinants
Review
Secondary metabolites
Steroid hormones
Symbionts
Terpenes
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Summary:Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa Octocorallia) are magnificent repositories of natural products with fascinating and unusual chemical structures and bioactivities of interest to medicine and biotechnology. However, mechanistic understanding of the contribution of microbial symbionts to the chemical diversity of octocorals is yet to be achieved. This review inventories the natural products so-far described for octocoral-derived bacteria and fungi, uncovering a true chemical arsenal of terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and polyketides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antifouling, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial activities of enormous potential for blue growth. Genome mining of 15 bacterial associates (spanning 12 genera) cultivated from spp. resulted in the identification of 440 putative and classifiable secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), encompassing varied terpene-, polyketide-, bacteriocin-, and nonribosomal peptide-synthase BGCs. This points towards a widespread yet uncharted capacity of octocoral-associated bacteria to synthetize a broad range of natural products. However, to extend our knowledge and foster the near-future laboratory production of bioactive compounds from (cultivatable and currently uncultivatable) octocoral symbionts, optimal blending between targeted metagenomics, DNA recombinant technologies, improved symbiont cultivation, functional genomics, and analytical chemistry are required. Such a multidisciplinary undertaking is key to achieving a sustainable response to the urgent industrial demand for novel drugs and enzyme varieties.
ISSN:1660-3397
1660-3397
DOI:10.3390/md16120485