Effects of Temperature, Growth Media, and Photoperiod on Growth and Toxin Production of Azadinium spinosum

Azaspiracids (AZAs) are microalgal toxins that can accumulate in shellfish and lead to human intoxications. To facilitate their study and subsequent biomonitoring, purification from microalgae rather than shellfish is preferable; however, challenges remain with respect to maximizing toxin yields. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine drugs 2019-08, Vol.17 (9), p.489
Main Authors: Kilcoyne, Jane, McCoy, Amy, Burrell, Stephen, Krock, Bernd, Tillmann, Urban
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Aquatic microorganisms
Azadinium spinosum
azaspiracid
Azaspiracids
Biological Monitoring - methods
Biomass
Biomonitoring
Cell culture
Cell Culture Techniques - methods
Cell growth
Chemical synthesis
Culture media
Culture Media - chemistry
culturing
Dinoflagellida - growth & development
Dinoflagellida - metabolism
Foodborne Diseases - etiology
Foodborne Diseases - prevention & control
Growth media
Humans
Marine Toxins - biosynthesis
Marine Toxins - toxicity
mass spectrometry
Metabolites
Microalgae
Microalgae - growth & development
Microalgae - metabolism
Nutrients
Photoperiod
Photoperiods
Phytoplankton
Quotas
Reference materials
Shellfish
Shellfish - toxicity
Spiro Compounds - toxicity
Stationary phase
Temperature
Temperature effects
Toxins
Water analysis
Water purification
Water sampling
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Summary:Azaspiracids (AZAs) are microalgal toxins that can accumulate in shellfish and lead to human intoxications. To facilitate their study and subsequent biomonitoring, purification from microalgae rather than shellfish is preferable; however, challenges remain with respect to maximizing toxin yields. The impacts of temperature, growth media, and photoperiod on cell densities and toxin production in were investigated. Final cell densities were similar at 10 and 18 °C, while toxin cell quotas were higher (~3.5-fold) at 10 °C. A comparison of culture media showed higher cell densities and AZA cell quotas (2.5-5-fold) in f10k compared to f/2 and L1 media. Photoperiod also showed differences, with lower cell densities in the 8:16 L:D treatment, while toxin cell quotas were similar for 12:12 and 8:16 L:D treatments but slightly lower for the 16:8 L:D treatment. AZA1, -2 and -33 were detected during the exponential phase, while some known and new AZAs were only detected once the stationary phase was reached. These compounds were additionally detected in field water samples during an AZA event.
ISSN:1660-3397
1660-3397
DOI:10.3390/md17090489