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The Conserved Herpesviridae Protein Kinase (CHPK) of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (GaHV3) Is Required for Horizontal Spread and Natural Infection in Chickens
We have formerly identified the conserved herpesvirus protein kinase (CHPK) as essential for horizontal transmission of Marek's disease virus (MDV). Thus far, it has been confirmed that the mutation of the invariant lysine (K) of CHPKs abrogates kinase activity and that CHPK activity is require...
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Published in: | Viruses 2022-03, Vol.14 (3), p.586 |
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description | We have formerly identified the conserved herpesvirus protein kinase (CHPK) as essential for horizontal transmission of Marek's disease virus (MDV). Thus far, it has been confirmed that the mutation of the invariant lysine (K) of CHPKs abrogates kinase activity and that CHPK activity is required for MDV horizontal transmission. Since CHPK is conserved among all members of the
, we hypothesized that CHPK, and specifically its kinase activity, is important for the horizontal transmission of other herpesviruses. To test this hypothesis, we utilized our experimental and natural infection model in chickens with MD vaccine strain 301B/1 of
3 (GaHV3). First, we mutated the invariant lysine (K) 157 of 301B/1 CHPK to alanine (A) and determined whether it was required for horizontal transmission. To confirm the requirement of 301B/1 CHPK activity for transmission, a rescued virus was generated in which the A157 was changed back to a K (A157K). Despite both the CHPK mutant (K157A) and rescuant (A157K) viruses having replication defects in vivo, only the CHPK mutant (K157A) was unable to spread to contact chickens, while both wild-type and rescuant (A157K) viruses transmitted efficiently, confirming the importance of CHPK activity for horizontal spread. The data confirm that CHPK is required for GaHV3 transmission and suggest that the requirement of avian CHPKs for natural infection is conserved. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/v14030586 |
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, we hypothesized that CHPK, and specifically its kinase activity, is important for the horizontal transmission of other herpesviruses. To test this hypothesis, we utilized our experimental and natural infection model in chickens with MD vaccine strain 301B/1 of
3 (GaHV3). First, we mutated the invariant lysine (K) 157 of 301B/1 CHPK to alanine (A) and determined whether it was required for horizontal transmission. To confirm the requirement of 301B/1 CHPK activity for transmission, a rescued virus was generated in which the A157 was changed back to a K (A157K). Despite both the CHPK mutant (K157A) and rescuant (A157K) viruses having replication defects in vivo, only the CHPK mutant (K157A) was unable to spread to contact chickens, while both wild-type and rescuant (A157K) viruses transmitted efficiently, confirming the importance of CHPK activity for horizontal spread. The data confirm that CHPK is required for GaHV3 transmission and suggest that the requirement of avian CHPKs for natural infection is conserved.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/v14030586</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35336996</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alanine ; Animals ; Antibiotics ; Antibodies ; Artificial chromosomes ; Cell culture ; chicken ; Chickens ; Cloning ; conserved herpesvirus protein kinase ; Cytomegalovirus ; Disease ; Disease transmission ; Experiments ; Gene expression ; Herpesviridae ; Herpesviridae - metabolism ; herpesvirus ; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid - genetics ; horizontal spread ; Infections ; Kinases ; Lysine ; Lysine - metabolism ; Marek Disease ; Marek’s disease vaccine ; Mutants ; Mutation ; Poultry ; Protein kinase ; Protein Kinases - metabolism ; Proteins ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Viruses, 2022-03, Vol.14 (3), p.586</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-187522b1899c217bf13d572e6053ad5442504d610c538a07c4457c2d7b7ed3f63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-187522b1899c217bf13d572e6053ad5442504d610c538a07c4457c2d7b7ed3f63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0391-9018 ; 0000-0002-5699-998X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2642680707/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2642680707?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Krieter, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Huai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akbar, Haji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Taejoong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarosinski, Keith William</creatorcontrib><title>The Conserved Herpesviridae Protein Kinase (CHPK) of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (GaHV3) Is Required for Horizontal Spread and Natural Infection in Chickens</title><title>Viruses</title><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><description>We have formerly identified the conserved herpesvirus protein kinase (CHPK) as essential for horizontal transmission of Marek's disease virus (MDV). Thus far, it has been confirmed that the mutation of the invariant lysine (K) of CHPKs abrogates kinase activity and that CHPK activity is required for MDV horizontal transmission. Since CHPK is conserved among all members of the
, we hypothesized that CHPK, and specifically its kinase activity, is important for the horizontal transmission of other herpesviruses. To test this hypothesis, we utilized our experimental and natural infection model in chickens with MD vaccine strain 301B/1 of
3 (GaHV3). First, we mutated the invariant lysine (K) 157 of 301B/1 CHPK to alanine (A) and determined whether it was required for horizontal transmission. To confirm the requirement of 301B/1 CHPK activity for transmission, a rescued virus was generated in which the A157 was changed back to a K (A157K). Despite both the CHPK mutant (K157A) and rescuant (A157K) viruses having replication defects in vivo, only the CHPK mutant (K157A) was unable to spread to contact chickens, while both wild-type and rescuant (A157K) viruses transmitted efficiently, confirming the importance of CHPK activity for horizontal spread. The data confirm that CHPK is required for GaHV3 transmission and suggest that the requirement of avian CHPKs for natural infection is conserved.</description><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Artificial chromosomes</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>chicken</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>conserved herpesvirus protein kinase</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Herpesviridae</subject><subject>Herpesviridae - metabolism</subject><subject>herpesvirus</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 2, Gallid - genetics</subject><subject>horizontal spread</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lysine</subject><subject>Lysine - metabolism</subject><subject>Marek Disease</subject><subject>Marek’s disease vaccine</subject><subject>Mutants</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>Protein kinase</subject><subject>Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1999-4915</issn><issn>1999-4915</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks1uEzEQgFcIREvhwAsgS1ySQ8D_Xl-QqgiSqBVUULhaXu9s47C1U3s3EjwKT4tL2qjlZGv8zTcz1lTVa4LfMabx-x3hmGFRyyfVMdFaz7gm4umD-1H1IucNxlJqrJ5XR0wwJrWWx9WfyzWgeQwZ0g5atIS0hbzzybcW0EWKA_iAznywGdBkvrw4m6LYoYXte98i22_Xdn2fMmbE0GRhlz_YFK0y-go3o09F2sWEljH53zEMtkfftglsSQ4t-myHMZXQKnTgBh8DKtXma-9-Qsgvq2ed7TO8ujtPqu-fPl7Ol7PzL4vV_PR85rjUw4zUSlDakFprR4lqOsJaoShILJhtBedUYN5Kgp1gtcXKcS6Uo61qFLSsk-ykWu29bbQbs03-2qZfJlpv_gViujI2Dd71YGpKMNGdJJZSXnPXKNqwTjUac1Lsrrg-7F3bsbmG1kEYynyPpI9fgl-bq7gztRaiDFIEkztBijcj5MFc--yg722AOGZDJee49CBxQd_-h27imEL5qluKyhorrAo13VMuxZwTdIdmCDa322MO21PYNw-7P5D368L-ApqdvZ0</recordid><startdate>20220312</startdate><enddate>20220312</enddate><creator>Krieter, Andrea</creator><creator>Xu, Huai</creator><creator>Akbar, Haji</creator><creator>Kim, Taejoong</creator><creator>Jarosinski, Keith William</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-9018</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-998X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220312</creationdate><title>The Conserved Herpesviridae Protein Kinase (CHPK) of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (GaHV3) Is Required for Horizontal Spread and Natural Infection in Chickens</title><author>Krieter, Andrea ; 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Thus far, it has been confirmed that the mutation of the invariant lysine (K) of CHPKs abrogates kinase activity and that CHPK activity is required for MDV horizontal transmission. Since CHPK is conserved among all members of the
, we hypothesized that CHPK, and specifically its kinase activity, is important for the horizontal transmission of other herpesviruses. To test this hypothesis, we utilized our experimental and natural infection model in chickens with MD vaccine strain 301B/1 of
3 (GaHV3). First, we mutated the invariant lysine (K) 157 of 301B/1 CHPK to alanine (A) and determined whether it was required for horizontal transmission. To confirm the requirement of 301B/1 CHPK activity for transmission, a rescued virus was generated in which the A157 was changed back to a K (A157K). Despite both the CHPK mutant (K157A) and rescuant (A157K) viruses having replication defects in vivo, only the CHPK mutant (K157A) was unable to spread to contact chickens, while both wild-type and rescuant (A157K) viruses transmitted efficiently, confirming the importance of CHPK activity for horizontal spread. The data confirm that CHPK is required for GaHV3 transmission and suggest that the requirement of avian CHPKs for natural infection is conserved.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35336996</pmid><doi>10.3390/v14030586</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-9018</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-998X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Alanine Animals Antibiotics Antibodies Artificial chromosomes Cell culture chicken Chickens Cloning conserved herpesvirus protein kinase Cytomegalovirus Disease Disease transmission Experiments Gene expression Herpesviridae Herpesviridae - metabolism herpesvirus Herpesvirus 2, Gallid - genetics horizontal spread Infections Kinases Lysine Lysine - metabolism Marek Disease Marek’s disease vaccine Mutants Mutation Poultry Protein kinase Protein Kinases - metabolism Proteins Viruses |
title | The Conserved Herpesviridae Protein Kinase (CHPK) of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (GaHV3) Is Required for Horizontal Spread and Natural Infection in Chickens |
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