A Three-Month Consumption of Eggs Enriched with ω-3, ω-5 and ω-7 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Significantly Decreases the Waist Circumference of Subjects at Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

• Published in: Nutrients 2021-02, Vol.13 (2), p.663
• Main Authors: Ngo Njembe, Monique T, Pachikian, Barbara, Lobysheva, Irina, Van Overstraeten, Nancy, Dejonghe, Louis, Verstraelen, Eleonore, Buchet, Marine, Rasse, Catherine, Gardin, Cécile, Mignolet, Eric, Balligand, Jean-Luc, Larondelle, Yvan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Alpha-linolenic acid; alpha-Linolenic Acid - administration & dosage; Blood sugar; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Clinical trials; Diabetes therapy; Diet - methods; docosahexaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage; Double-Blind Method; Eggs; enriched eggs; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Female; Food, Fortified; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Humans; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated - administration & dosage; Linolenic acids; Linolenic Acids - administration & dosage; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Low density lipoproteins; Male; metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Middle Aged; Obesity, Abdominal - blood; Obesity, Abdominal - complications; Obesity, Abdominal - diet therapy; Omega-3 fatty acids; Physiological aspects; punicic acid; rumenic acid; Type 2 diabetes; Waist Circumference
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu13020663

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and punicic acid (PunA) are claimed to influence several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, we investigated the combined effect of ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA on subjects at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Twenty-four women and men were randomly assigned to two groups. Each day, they consumed two eggs enriched with oleic acid (control group) or enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA, and PunA (test group) for 3 months. The waist circumference decreased significantly (-3.17 cm; < 0.001) in the test group. There were no major changes in plasma insulin and blood glucose in the two groups. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on endothelial function as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry, although erythrocyte nitrosylated hemoglobin concentrations tended to decrease. The high consumption of eggs induced significant elevations in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ( < 0.001), which did not result in any change in the LDL/HDL ratio in both groups. These results indicate that consumption of eggs enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA resulted in favorable changes in abdominal obesity without affecting other factors of the metabolic syndrome.