Oxidative Stress in the Brain: Basic Concepts and Treatment Strategies in Stroke

The production of free radicals is inevitably associated with metabolism and other enzymatic processes. Under physiological conditions, however, free radicals are effectively eliminated by numerous antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between the production and elimina...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2021-11, Vol.10 (12), p.1886
Main Authors: Jelinek, Matyas, Jurajda, Michal, Duris, Kamil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
brain
Cell cycle
Enzymes
Free radicals
Hydrogen peroxide
Inflammation
Ischemia
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Neurodegenerative diseases
Nitric oxide
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Pathogens
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Proteins
Review
RNS
ROS
Stroke
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:The production of free radicals is inevitably associated with metabolism and other enzymatic processes. Under physiological conditions, however, free radicals are effectively eliminated by numerous antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between the production and elimination of free radicals under pathological conditions. Oxidative stress is also associated with ageing. The brain is prone to oxidative damage because of its high metabolic activity and high vulnerability to ischemic damage. Oxidative stress, thus, plays a major role in the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic pathologies in the brain, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this article is to summarize the basic concepts of oxidative stress and its significance in brain pathologies, as well as to discuss treatment strategies for dealing with oxidative stress in stroke.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox10121886