Pain and Opioid-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis

Opioid-induced dysbiosis (OID) is a specific condition describing the consequences of opioid use on the bacterial composition of the gut. Opioids have been shown to affect the epithelial barrier in the gut and modulate inflammatory pathways, possibly mediating opioid tolerance or opioid-induced hype...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2022-07, Vol.10 (8), p.1815
Main Authors: Thomas, Karen R, Watt, Jacob, Wu, Chuen Mong J, Akinrinoye, Adejoke, Amjad, Sairah, Colvin, Lucy, Cowe, Rachel, Duncan, Sylvia H, Russell, Wendy R, Forget, Patrice
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain research
Cognitive ability
Digestive system
Drug tolerance
Drug withdrawal
Dysbacteriosis
Dysbiosis
Gastrointestinal tract
Gene expression
gut homeostasis
Homeostasis
Hyperalgesia
Immunological tolerance
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Mental depression
Metabolism
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Morphine
Movement disorders
Narcotics
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurons
OID
opioid induced hyperalgesia
opioid-induced dysbiosis
Opioids
Pain
Pain perception
Parkinson's disease
Physiological aspects
Probiotics
Review
Spinal cord
Transplantation
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Summary:Opioid-induced dysbiosis (OID) is a specific condition describing the consequences of opioid use on the bacterial composition of the gut. Opioids have been shown to affect the epithelial barrier in the gut and modulate inflammatory pathways, possibly mediating opioid tolerance or opioid-induced hyperalgesia; in combination, these allow the invasion and proliferation of non-native bacterial colonies. There is also evidence that the gut-brain axis is linked to the emotional and cognitive aspects of the brain with intestinal function, which can be a factor that affects mental health. For example, Mycobacterium, Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile are linked to Irritable Bowel Disease; Lactobacillaceae and Enterococcacae have associations with Parkinson’s disease, and Alistipes has increased prevalence in depression. However, changes to the gut microbiome can be therapeutically influenced with treatments such as faecal microbiota transplantation, targeted antibiotic therapy and probiotics. There is also evidence of emerging therapies to combat OID. This review has collated evidence that shows that there are correlations between OID and depression, Parkinson’s Disease, infection, and more. Specifically, in pain management, targeting OID deserves specific investigations.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines10081815