CLOINet: ocean state reconstructions through remote-sensing, in-situ sparse observations and deep learning

Combining remote-sensing data with in-situ observations to achieve a comprehensive 3D reconstruction of the ocean state presents significant challenges for traditional interpolation techniques. To address this, we developed the CLuster Optimal Interpolation Neural Network (CLOINet), which combines t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science 2024-02, Vol.11
Main Authors: Cutolo, Eugenio, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simon, Zarokanellos, Nikolaos D., Fablet, Ronan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chlorophyll
Chlorophylls
Climate science
Computer Science
Datasets
Deep learning
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Sciences
gliders
Image Processing
Machine Learning
Neural networks
Observational learning
ocean
Ocean, Atmosphere
Remote sensing
Salinity
Salinity effects
Sciences of the Universe
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Simulation
SSH
SST
Surface temperature
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Summary:Combining remote-sensing data with in-situ observations to achieve a comprehensive 3D reconstruction of the ocean state presents significant challenges for traditional interpolation techniques. To address this, we developed the CLuster Optimal Interpolation Neural Network (CLOINet), which combines the robust mathematical framework of the Optimal Interpolation (OI) scheme with a self-supervised clustering approach. CLOINet efficiently segments remote sensing images into clusters to reveal non-local correlations, thereby enhancing fine-scale oceanic reconstructions. We trained our network using outputs from an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM), which also facilitated various testing scenarios. Our Observing System Simulation Experiments aimed to reconstruct deep salinity fields using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) or Sea Surface Height (SSH), alongside sparse in-situ salinity observations. The results showcased a significant reduction in reconstruction error up to 40% and the ability to resolve scales 50% smaller compared to baseline OI techniques. Remarkably, even though CLOINet was trained exclusively on simulated data, it accurately reconstructed an unseen SST field using only glider temperature observations and satellite chlorophyll concentration data. This demonstrates how deep learning networks like CLOINet can potentially lead the integration of modeling and observational efforts in developing an ocean digital twin.
ISSN:2296-7745
2296-7745
DOI:10.3389/fmars.2024.1151868