Drainage Conditions Influence Corn-Nitrogen Management in the US Upper Midwest

• Published in: Agronomy (Basel) 2021-12, Vol.11 (12), p.2491
• Main Authors: Paiao, Gabriel Dias, Fernández, Fabián G., Naeve, Seth L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Agriculture; Corn; Crop diseases; Crop yield; Drainage; fertilizer; Fertilizers; Glycine max; Guidelines; Harvest; Nitrogen; Planting; Precipitation; Residual soils; soil; Soil investigations; Soybeans; Vegetables; yield; Zea mays
• ISSN: 2073-4395; 2073-4395
• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11122491

Soil drainage is not considered in the N fertilizer guidelines for corn (Zea mays L.) in the US Midwest. This study investigated the influence of soil drainage on corn grain yield, N requirement, and residual soil N, and evaluated the utility of in-season soil N measurements to guide N application. This 6-year study in Minnesota, US on a corn–soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotation had drained and undrained conditions and six at planting (PL) (0–225 in 45 kg N ha−1 increments) and four split (SP) N fertilizer rates (at planting/V6-V8—45/45, 45/90, 45/135, 45/179 kg N ha−1). The drained compared to undrained soil produced 8% more grain yield (12.8 vs. 11.9 Mg ha−1), 12% more N uptake (169 vs. 151 kg N ha−1), 16% lower optimal N rate (ONR) (160 vs. 193 kg N ha−1), 3.1% greater grain yield at ONR (13.5 vs. 13.1 Mg ha−1), and similar in season and residual soil N. Compared to SP, PL lowered ONR (151 vs. 168 kg N ha−1) in drained soils, and the opposite occurred for undrained soils (206 vs. 189 kg N ha−1). These results substantiate the agronomic benefits of artificial drainage and the need to incorporate drainage conditions into N management guidelines.