Nephrotoxicity: Role and significance of renal biomarkers in the early detection of acute renal injury

Nephrotoxicity is defining as rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Different mechanisms lead to nephr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology and research 2019-07, Vol.10 (3), p.95-99
Main Authors: Al-Naimi, Marwa, Rasheed, Huda, Hussien, Nawar, Al-Kuraishy, Hayder, Al-Gareeb, Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adefovir dipivoxil
Angiotensin II
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Creatinine
Cystatin C
Cytotoxicity
Drug dosages
Gelatinase
glomerular damage
Heart failure
Homeostasis
Kidney diseases
Kidneys
Lipocalin
Metabolites
Nephropathy
nephrotoxicity
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Pamidronate
Patients
Prevention
Proteins
Renal function
Review
Thrombotic microangiopathy
Toxicity
Urea
Urine
Valsartan
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Summary:Nephrotoxicity is defining as rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Different mechanisms lead to nephrotoxicity, including renal tubular toxicity, inflammation, glomerular damage, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. The traditional markers of nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction are blood urea and serum creatinine which are regarded as low sensitive in the detection of early renal damage. Thus, the detection of the initial renal injures required new biomarkers which are more sensitive and highly specific that gives an insight into the site of underlying renal damage. Kidney injury molecule-1, Cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin sera levels are more sensitive than blood urea and serum creatinine in the detection of acute kidney injury during nephrotoxicity.
ISSN:2231-4040
0976-2094
DOI:10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_336_18