De Novo Synthesized Estradiol: A Role in Modulating the Cerebellar Function

The estrogen estradiol is a potent neuroactive steroid that may regulate brain structure and function. Although the effects of estradiol have been historically associated with gonadal secretion, the discovery that this steroid may be synthesized within the brain has expanded this traditional concept...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-05, Vol.21 (9), p.3316
Main Authors: Dieni, Cristina V, Contemori, Samuele, Biscarini, Andrea, Panichi, Roberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
17β-Estradiol
Adaptation
Animals
Aromatase
Aromatase - genetics
Cerebellar plasticity
Cerebellum
Cerebellum - physiology
Enzymes
estradiol
Estradiol - metabolism
Estrogens
Functional anatomy
Humans
Influence
Kinases
Learning - physiology
Nervous system
Neuronal Plasticity
neurosteroids
Neurotransmission
Physiology
plasticity
Proteins
Purkinje cell
Review
Steroids
Structure-function relationships
Synaptic plasticity
Synaptic Transmission
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Summary:The estrogen estradiol is a potent neuroactive steroid that may regulate brain structure and function. Although the effects of estradiol have been historically associated with gonadal secretion, the discovery that this steroid may be synthesized within the brain has expanded this traditional concept. Indeed, it is accepted that de novo synthesized estradiol in the nervous system (nE2) may modulate several aspects of neuronal physiology, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, thereby influencing a variety of behaviors. These modulations may be on a time scale of minutes via non-classical and often membrane-initiated mechanisms or hours and days by classical actions on gene transcription. Besides the high level, recent investigations in the cerebellum indicate that even a low aromatase expression can be related to the fast nE2 effect on brain functioning. These pieces of evidence point to the importance of an on-demand and localized nE2 synthesis to rapidly contribute to regulating the synaptic transmission. This review is geared at exploring a new scenario for the impact of estradiol on brain processes as it emerges from the nE2 action on cerebellar neurotransmission and cerebellum-dependent learning.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21093316