Macular edema in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity: Impact on visual acuity and refractive status after 1-year

• Published in: Indian journal of ophthalmology 2015-05, Vol.63 (5), p.432-437
• Main Authors: Vinekar, Anand, Mangalesh, Shwetha, Jayadev, Chaitra, Bauer, Noel, Munusamy, Sivakumar, Kemmanu, Vasudha, Kurian, Mathew, Mahendradas, Padmamalini, Avadhani, Kavitha, Shetty, Bhujang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive optics; Age; Age-related macular degeneration; Asia - ethnology; axial length; Babies; Care and treatment; Central reading center; Choroid; Choroidal imaging; Choroidal neovascularization; choroidal thickness; Community; cone density; Cystoid macular edema; dexamethasone implant; Diagnosis; digital imaging; Emmetropization; en-face optical coherence tomography; enhanced depth imaging technique; external limiting membrane; Female; Follow-Up Studies; foveal diameter; foveal slope; Fundus autofluorescence; Gestational Age; hand-held; Health aspects; Humans; idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasis; Incidence; India - epidemiology; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Influence; juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia; Karnataka Internet-assisted Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity; lipofuscin; lutein; macular edema; Macular Edema - ethnology; Macular Edema - etiology; Macular Edema - physiopathology; macular pigment; macular telangiectasia; Male; Metabolic disorders; Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography; Morphology; myopia; Müller cells; ocular magnification; optical coherence tomography; Original; Ozurdex; parafoveal telangiectasis; perifoveal telangiectasis; polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; Premature birth; Premature infants; Prevalence; randomized controlled trial; Refraction, Ocular; RESCAN; retina; retinal angiomatous proliferation; retinal dystrophies; retinal imaging; retinal telangiectasis; Retinopathy of prematurity; Retinopathy of Prematurity - complications; Retinopathy of Prematurity - ethnology; Retinopathy of Prematurity - physiopathology; serous retinal detachment; spectral domain optical coherence tomography; standard operating procedure; Statistical analysis; subretinal neovascularization; swept source optical coherence tomography; telemedicine; Time Factors; Tomography; Tomography, Optical Coherence; universal screening; uveitis; Visual Acuity; vitreoretinal surgery; zeaxanthin
• ISSN: 0301-4738; 1998-3689
• DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.159879

Purpose: To report the impact of transient, self-resolving, untreated "macular edema" detected on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on visual acuity (VA) and refraction at 1-year of corrected age. Materials and Methods: Visual acuity and refraction of 11 infants with bilateral macular edema (Group A) was compared with gestational age-matched 16 infants with ROP without edema (Group B) and 17 preterms infants without ROP and without edema (Group C) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of corrected age using Teller Acuity Cards and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Sub-group analysis of the previously described pattern A and B macular edema was performed. Results: Visual acuity was lower in infants with macular edema compared with the other two control groups throughout the study period, but statistically significant only at 3 months. Visual improvement in these infants was highest between the 3 rd and 6 th month and plateaued by the end of the 1 st year with acuity comparable to the other two groups. The edema cohort was more hyperopic compared to the other two groups between 3 and 12 months of age. Pattern A edema had worse VA compared to pattern B, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Macular edema, although transient, caused reduced VA as early as 3 months of corrected age in Asian Indian premature infants weighing