Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice

• Published in: Diagnostics (Basel) 2024-12, Vol.14 (23), p.2757
• Main Authors: Šuran, David, Kanič, Vojko, Kokol, Peter, Završnik, Tadej, Verhnjak, Florjan, Žlahtič, Bojan, Sinkovič, Andreja, Naji, Franjo Husam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acute myocardial infarction; Age; all-cause mortality; Analysis and chemistry; Apolipoproteins; Blood; Cardiology; cardiovascular mortality; Cholesterol; Diabetes; Diseases; Health aspects; Heart attack; Heart attacks; High density lipoprotein; lipoprotein(a); Lipoproteins; Mortality; Prevention; Public health; Regression analysis; Relapse; risk factor; Risk factors; Statins; Triglycerides; Variables; Women; Womens health
• ISSN: 2075-4418; 2075-4418
• DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14232757

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing on patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2022 with available admission Lp(a) results. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their Lp(a) level (≤50 mg/dL, 51-90 mg/dL, and >90 mg/dL). A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. A total of 2248 patients (31.5% women), with a mean age of 64.7 ± 12.2 years, were retrospectively followed until 31 December 2022, or death. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrent AMI were 1.01 ( = 0.921) for levels 51-90 mg/dL and 1.51 ( = 0.013) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. The corresponding HRs for CV mortality were 1.13 ( = 0.300) and 1.14 ( = 0.348), and those for all-cause mortality were 1.09 ( = 0.310) and 1.20 ( = 0.090), respectively. Stratification by sex and age revealed a significant association of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years, with adjusted HRs of 2.34 ( = 0.013) for levels 51-90 mg/dL and 3.94 ( < 0.001) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. In the presented study, Lp(a) was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years with Lp(a) levels > 50 mg/dL. We found no significant associations between Lp(a) and CV or all-cause mortality.