The Pathogenesis of Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor): An Overview

Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a rare disease of the anogenital region. BLT is considered a locally aggressive tumor of benign histological appearance, but with the potential for destructive growth and high recurrence rates. BLT development is strongly a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-04, Vol.23 (9), p.4547
Main Authors: Purzycka-Bohdan, Dorota, Nowicki, Roman J, Herms, Florian, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Fouéré, Sébastien, Béziat, Vivien
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alphapapillomavirus
Anogenital
Asymptomatic
Buschke-Lowenstein tumor
Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor - complications
Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor - pathology
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Condyloma acuminatum
Condylomata Acuminata - complications
Condylomata Acuminata - pathology
Disease
Etiology
genetics
Genital cancers
giant condyloma acuminatum
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Human papillomavirus
Humans
Immunodeficiency
Immunology
Infections
Mortality
Mutation
Papillomaviridae - genetics
Papillomavirus Infections - complications
Pathogenesis
Patients
Rare diseases
Review
Transplantation
Tumors
Vaccines
Viral infections
Warts
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Summary:Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a rare disease of the anogenital region. BLT is considered a locally aggressive tumor of benign histological appearance, but with the potential for destructive growth and high recurrence rates. BLT development is strongly associated with infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mostly HPV-6 and -11. Immunity to HPVs plays a crucial role in the natural control of various HPV-induced lesions. Large condyloma acuminata are frequently reported in patients with primary (e.g., DOCK8 or SPINK5 deficiencies) and secondary (e.g., AIDS, solid organ transplantation) immune defects. Individuals with extensive anogenital warts, including BLT in particular, should therefore be tested for inherited or acquired immunodeficiency. Research into the genetic basis of unexplained cases is warranted. An understanding of the etiology of BLT would lead to improvements in its management. This review focuses on the role of underlying HPV infections, and human genetic and immunological determinants of BLT.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23094547