Elucidation of the Metabolite Profile of Yucca gigantea and Assessment of Its Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.27 (4), p.1329
• Main Authors: Attallah, Nashwah G M, El-Sherbeni, Suzy A, El-Kadem, Aya H, Elekhnawy, Engy, El-Masry, Thanaa A, Elmongy, Elshaymaa I, Altwaijry, Najla, Negm, Walaa A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - isolation & purification; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Biomarkers; Biomedical materials; Carrageenan; Carrageenans; Celecoxib; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemical composition; Chromatography; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs; Edema; Edema - drug therapy; Edema - etiology; Edema - pathology; Flavonoids; Fungi; Glucosides; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Injection; Interleukin 6; Investigations; Kaempferol; Laboratory animals; LC-MS/MS; Male; Melanoma; Metabolites; MIC; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Osteosarcoma; Oxidative stress; PGE-2; Phytochemicals - chemistry; Phytochemicals - isolation & purification; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rats; Spectrum Analysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; TNF-α; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Yucca - chemistry; Yucca - metabolism; Yucca gigantea
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041329

The acute inflammation process is explained by numerous hypotheses, including oxidative stress, enzyme stimulation, and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract (YGME) against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and possible underlying mechanisms was investigated. The phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also explored. LC-MS/MS was utilized to investigate the chemical composition of YGME, and 29 compounds were tentatively identified. In addition, the isolation of luteolin-7- -β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7- -β-d-glucoside, and kaempferol-3- -α-l-rhamnoside was performed for the first time from the studied plant. Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of 1% carrageenan sodium. Rats were treated orally with YGME 100, 200 mg/kg, celecoxib (50 mg/kg), and saline, respectively, one hour before carrageenan injection. The average volume of paws edema and weight were measured at several time intervals. Levels of NO, GSH, TNF-α, PGE-2, serum IL-1β, IL-6 were measured. In additionally, COX-2 immunostaining and histopathological examination of paw tissue were performed. YGME displayed a potent anti-inflammatory influence by reducing paws edema, PGE-2, TNF-α, NO production, serum IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2 immunostaining. Furthermore, it replenished the diminished paw GSH contents and improved the histopathological findings. The best cytotoxic effect of YGME was against human melanoma cell line (A365) and osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of the extract was evaluated against bacterial and fungal isolates. It showed potent activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal isolates. The promoting multiple effects of YGME could be beneficial in the treatment of different ailments based on its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects.