Distinct Immune Response at 1 Year Post-COVID-19 According to Disease Severity

Despite the fact of ongoing worldwide vaccination programs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding longevity, breadth, and type of immune response to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still important to optimize the vaccination strategy and estimate the ris...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2022-03, Vol.13, p.830433
Main Authors: Kang, Chang Kyung, Kim, Minji, Hong, Jisu, Kim, Gwanghun, Lee, Soojin, Chang, Euijin, Choe, Pyoeng Gyun, Kim, Nam Joong, Kim, Ik Soo, Seo, Jun-Young, Song, Daesub, Lee, Dong-Sup, Shin, Hyun Mu, Kim, Yong-Woo, Lee, Chang-Han, Park, Wan Beom, Kim, Hang-Rae, Oh, Myoung-Don
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Viral
antibody
COVID-19
Humans
Immunity
Immunology
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
memory B cells
memory T cells
phagocytosis
Reinfection
SARS-CoV-2
Severity of Illness Index
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Summary:Despite the fact of ongoing worldwide vaccination programs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding longevity, breadth, and type of immune response to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still important to optimize the vaccination strategy and estimate the risk of reinfection. Therefore, we performed thorough immunological assessments 1 year post-COVID-19 with different severity. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples at 1 year post-COVID-19 in patients who experienced asymptomatic, mild, and severe illness to assess titers of various isotypes of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens, phagocytic capability, and memory B- and T-cell responses. A total of 24 patients (7, 9, and 8 asymptomatic, mild, and severe patients, respectively) and eight healthy volunteers were included in this study. We firstly showed that disease severity is correlated with parameters of immune responses at 1 year post-COVID-19 that play an important role in protecting against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, namely, the phagocytic capacity of Abs and memory B-cell responses. Various immune responses at 1 year post-COVID-19, particularly the phagocytic capacity and memory B-cell responses, were dependent on the severity of the prior COVID-19. Our data could provide a clue for a tailored vaccination strategy after natural infection according to the severity of COVID-19.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.830433