Factors Influencing Gallstone Formation: A Review of the Literature

Gallstone disease is a common pathology of the digestive system with nearly a 10-20% incidence rate among adults. The mainstay of treatment is cholecystectomy, which is commonly associated with physical pain and may also seriously affect a patient's quality of life. Clinical research suggests t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-04, Vol.12 (4), p.550
Main Authors: Sun, Hao, Warren, Jonathan, Yip, James, Ji, Yu, Hao, Shaolong, Han, Wei, Ding, Yuchuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Adult
Bile - chemistry
bile acids
Bile Acids and Salts
Bile ducts
Biosynthesis
Body mass index
Calculi
Cardiovascular disease
Cholecystectomy
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - analysis
Crystals
diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzymes
Fatty liver
Gallbladder
gallstone disease
Gallstones
Genetic factors
Humans
Literature reviews
Liver
Liver diseases
Lymphatic system
Motility
non-alcoholic fatty liver
obesity
Patients
Physical characteristics
Polypeptides
Proteins
Quality of Life
Review
Small intestine
Sterols
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Summary:Gallstone disease is a common pathology of the digestive system with nearly a 10-20% incidence rate among adults. The mainstay of treatment is cholecystectomy, which is commonly associated with physical pain and may also seriously affect a patient's quality of life. Clinical research suggests that cholelithiasis is closely related to the age, gender, body mass index, and other basic physical characteristics of patients. Clinical research further suggests that the occurrence of cholelithiasis is related to obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and other diseases. For this reason, we reviewed the following: genetic factors; excessive liver cholesterol secretion (causing cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile); accelerated growth of cholesterol crystals and solid cholesterol crystals; gallbladder motility impairment; and cardiovascular factors. Herein, we summarize and analyze the causes and mechanisms of cholelithiasis, discuss its correlation with the pathogenesis of related diseases, and discuss possible mechanisms.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12040550