AI-Assisted In-House Power Monitoring for the Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-09, Vol.21 (18), p.6249
• Main Authors: Nakaoku, Yuriko, Ogata, Soshiro, Murata, Shunsuke, Nishimori, Makoto, Ihara, Masafumi, Iihara, Koji, Takegami, Misa, Nishimura, Kunihiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Adults; Air conditioners; Alzheimer's disease; Appliances; Artificial intelligence; Clinical trials; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; cognitive impairment; Dementia; Education; Electricity distribution; Home environment; Household appliances; Impairment; in-house monitoring; Induction heating; Machine learning; Monitoring; Monitoring systems; Older people; Patients; power monitoring; Prediction models; Sensitivity; Sensors; Statistical models
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21186249

In-home monitoring systems have been used to detect cognitive decline in older adults by allowing continuous monitoring of routine activities. In this study, we investigated whether unobtrusive in-house power monitoring technologies could be used to predict cognitive impairment. A total of 94 older adults aged ≥65 years were enrolled in this study. Generalized linear mixed models with subject-specific random intercepts were used to evaluate differences in the usage time of home appliances between people with and without cognitive impairment. Three independent power monitoring parameters representing activity behavior were found to be associated with cognitive impairment. Representative values of mean differences between those with cognitive impairment relative to those without were −13.5 min for induction heating in the spring, −1.80 min for microwave oven in the winter, and −0.82 h for air conditioner in the winter. We developed two prediction models for cognitive impairment, one with power monitoring data and the other without, and found that the former had better predictive ability (accuracy, 0.82; sensitivity, 0.48; specificity, 0.96) compared to the latter (accuracy, 0.76; sensitivity, 0.30; specificity, 0.95). In summary, in-house power monitoring technologies can be used to detect cognitive impairment.