Current Progress and Challenges for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Transgene-Free Approaches

Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully estab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells international 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-18
Main Authors: Van Dyke, Jonathan M., Jeffrey, Jeremy, Lynch, Eileen, Jiwlawat, Nunnapas, Suzuki, Masatoshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Cell cycle
DNA binding proteins
Drug screening
Embryogenesis
Embryonic growth stage
Gene expression
Kinases
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Muscles
Muscular dystrophy
Musculoskeletal system
Myocytes
Myogenesis
Nervous system
Neuromuscular diseases
Pluripotency
Review
Signaling
Skeletal muscle
Stem cells
Tetracycline
Tetracyclines
Tissue engineering
Transcription factors
Transgenes
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Summary:Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully established for any major neuromuscular disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and skeletal myocytes for use in treating and modeling neuromuscular diseases. Recent advances have allowed the creation of patient-derived stem cells, which can be used as a unique platform for comprehensive study of disease mechanisms, in vitro drug screening, and potential new cell-based therapies. In the last decade, a number of methods have been developed to derive skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells. By controlling the process of myogenesis using transcription factors and signaling molecules, human pluripotent stem cells can be directed to differentiate into cell types observed during muscle development. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways relevant to the formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development. We then summarize current methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward the myogenic lineage, specifically focusing on transgene-free approaches. Lastly, we discuss existing challenges for deriving skeletal myocytes and myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
ISSN:1687-966X
1687-9678
1687-9678
DOI:10.1155/2018/6241681