Advances in Melanoma: From Genetic Insights to Therapeutic Innovations

Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, such as mutations in , , and , and melanoma pathogenesis. The MAPK and PI3...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2024-08, Vol.12 (8), p.1851
Main Authors: Valdez-Salazar, Fernando, Jiménez-Del Rio, Luis A, Padilla-Gutiérrez, Jorge R, Valle, Yeminia, Muñoz-Valle, José F, Valdés-Alvarado, Emmanuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
AKT protein
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell growth
Combined vaccines
CRISPR
Cyclin-dependent kinases
Development and progression
DNA damage
DNA methylation
Drug therapy
epigenetic modifications
Epigenetics
Gene mutations
Genetic aspects
Genetic engineering
genetic mutations
Histones
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune response
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Kinases
MAP kinase
MAPK pathway
Medical innovations
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Metastasis
Mortality
mRNA
Mutation
Oncology, Experimental
Pathogenesis
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Proteins
Radiation
Review
Skin cancer
Stromal cells
TOR protein
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, such as mutations in , , and , and melanoma pathogenesis. The MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are highlighted for their roles in tumor growth and resistance mechanisms. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, on melanoma progression. The tumor microenvironment, characterized by immune cells, stromal cells, and soluble factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating tumor behavior and treatment responses. Emerging technologies like single-cell sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, and AI-driven diagnostics are transforming melanoma research, offering precise and personalized approaches to treatment. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized mRNA vaccines, has revolutionized melanoma therapy by enhancing the body's immune response. Despite these advances, resistance mechanisms remain a challenge, underscoring the need for combined therapies and ongoing research to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This comprehensive overview aims to highlight the current state of melanoma research and the transformative impacts of these advancements on clinical practice.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12081851