Causal association between the peripheral immunity and the risk and disease severity of multiple sclerosis

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology 2024-02, Vol.15, p.1325938-1325938
• Main Authors: Chen, Lian, Zhu, Li-Fang, Zhang, Lu-Yang, Chu, Yun-Hui, Dong, Ming-Hao, Pang, Xiao-Wei, Yang, Sheng, Zhou, Luo-Qi, Shang, Ke, Xiao, Jun, Wang, Wei, Qin, Chuan, Tian, Dai-Shi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Causality; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; cytokines; genome wide association study (GWAS); Humans; Immunology; Mendelian randomization (MR); multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - genetics; Patient Acuity; peripheral immune cells
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325938

Growing evidence links immunological responses to Multiple sclerosis (MS), but specific immune factors are still unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to investigate the association between peripheral hematological traits, MS risk, and its severity. Then, further subgroup analysis of immune counts and circulating cytokines and growth factors were performed. MR revealed higher white blood cell count (OR [95%CI] = 1.26 [1.10,1.44], P = 1.12E-03, P adjust = 3.35E-03) and lymphocyte count (OR [95%CI] = 1.31 [1.15,1.50], P = 5.37E-05, P adjust = 3.22E-04) increased the risk of MS. In further analysis, higher T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 2.04 [1.36,3.08], P = 6.37E-04, P adjust = 2.19E-02) and CD4 T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 2.11 [1.37,3.24], P = 6.37E-04, P adjust = 2.19E-02), could increase MS risk. While increasing CD25 CD4 T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 0.75 [0.66,0.86], P = 2.12E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), CD25 CD4 T cell in T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.79[0.70,0.89], P = 8.54E-05, P adjust = 5.29E-03), CD25 CD4 T cell in CD4 T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.80[0.72,0.89], P = 1.85E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), and CD25 CD8 T cell in T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.68[0.57,0.81], P = 2.22E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), were proved to be causally defensive for MS. For the disease severity, the suggestive association between some traits related to CD4 T cell, Tregs and MS severity were demonstrated. Moreover, elevated levels of IL-2Ra had a detrimental effect on the risk of MS (OR [95%CI] = 1.22 [1.12,1.32], P = 3.20E-06, P adjust = 1.34E-04). This study demonstrated a genetically predicted causal relationship between elevated peripheral immune cell counts and MS. Subgroup analysis revealed a specific contribution of peripheral immune cells, holding potential for further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of MS and its severity.