Objective functions for information-theoretical monitoring network design: what is “optimal”?

• Published in: Hydrology and earth system sciences 2021-02, Vol.25 (2), p.831-850
• Main Authors: Foroozand, Hossein, Weijs, Steven V
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Approximation; Business metrics; Case studies; Data collection; Dependence; Entropy; Information theory; Monitoring; Network design; Network management systems; Objectives; Optimization; Principal components analysis; Random variables; Redundancy; Sensors; Signal monitoring; Stations
• ISSN: 1607-7938; 1027-5606; 1607-7938
• DOI: 10.5194/hess-25-831-2021

This paper concerns the problem of optimal monitoring network layout using information-theoretical methods. Numerous different objectives based on information measures have been proposed in recent literature, often focusing simultaneously on maximum information and minimum dependence between the chosen locations for data collection stations. We discuss these objective functions and conclude that a single-objective optimization of joint entropy suffices to maximize the collection of information for a given number of stations. We argue that the widespread notion of minimizing redundancy, or dependence between monitored signals, as a secondary objective is not desirable and has no intrinsic justification. The negative effect of redundancy on total collected information is already accounted for in joint entropy, which measures total information net of any redundancies. In fact, for two networks of equal joint entropy, the one with a higher amount of redundant information should be preferred for reasons of robustness against failure. In attaining the maximum joint entropy objective, we investigate exhaustive optimization, a more computationally tractable greedy approach that adds one station at a time, and we introduce the “greedy drop” approach, where the full set of stations is reduced one at a time. We show that no greedy approach can exist that is guaranteed to reach the global optimum.