A Systematic Review of the Methods of Assessment of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Anaesthetized Dogs

We reviewed the definitions and methods of assessment of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in anaesthetized dogs. Three databases were used. Titles and abstracts were screened by two of the authors independently. A total of 22 studies was included in the analysis. The definition of GOR implied the pre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2021-03, Vol.11 (3), p.852
Main Authors: Fernandez Alasia, Anna Carolina, Levionnois, Olivier, Raillard, Mathieu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidity
anaesthesia
Anesthesia
Calibration
Complications
Dogs
Esophagus
gastro-oesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux
Measuring instruments
Methods
Mouth
Nose
Oral fluids
Regurgitation
Reviews
risk
Scientific papers
Systematic Review
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Summary:We reviewed the definitions and methods of assessment of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in anaesthetized dogs. Three databases were used. Titles and abstracts were screened by two of the authors independently. A total of 22 studies was included in the analysis. The definition of GOR implied the presence of fluids not reaching the mouth or nose in the oesophagus in all studies. Most studies considered a change in pH using oesophageal pH meters as the sole method of assessment. Calibration of the pH probe was inconsistently reported. The position of the tip of the oesophageal probe was inconsistent and not always precisely described. The correct positioning in the intended location was verified in a limited number of studies. Some studies considered that GOR had happened for changes in pH below 4.0 or above 7.5 while others considered that GOR had happened when the pH dropped below 4.0 only. Some studies stated that the pH change had to be sustained for a minimum period of time (20 or 30 s) whereas others did not mention any duration. The variability of definitions and methods of assessment of GOR in anaesthetized dogs precludes meaningful comparison of the findings. Re-evaluation and uniformization of the methods appear necessary.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani11030852